2020年宁波大学英汉互译考研真题861.doc0页

2020年宁波大学英汉互译考研真题861.doc 宁波大学 2020 年硕 士 研 究 生 招 生考 试 初 试 试 题(B 卷) ( 答案必须写在考点提供的答 题纸上) 第 1 页 共 2 页 科目代码： 861 总分值： 150 科目名称： 英汉互译 I. Term Definition and Explanation （5× 10 points ＝50 points ） Directions: There are all together 5 terms concerning translation theory and practice in this part. You are required to define and explain each term with a maximum of 100 words. All your answers must be written on the Answer Sheet. 1. free translation 2. hypotaxis 3. faithfulness 4. functional equivalence 5. translation process II. English-Chinese Translation （60 points ） Directions: There is one English passage in this part. You are required to translate the passage into Chinese. Marks will be awarded for faithfulness and appropriateness. Please write all your translations on the Answer Sheet. In Oriental countries houses are most commonly built of local sun-dried brick or of timber. Japan is probably the country where the houses have retained their characteristic structure and appearance with fewest changes. The traditional house has a timber frame and the wall and partitions ( 间壁) are light screens of paper, bamboo, or similar material. Such a light construction is suited to a climate and is less dangerous in earthquakes than heavy materials would be. In warm countries people live much more out of doors than in the north, and consequently, the houses are simpler and more barely furnished. In Japanese houses the dimensions of all the rooms are based on those of the mats with which all floors are covered. The mat is always of the same size, so that each room is so many mats wide and so many long, thus making all houses consistent in scale and proportions. A similar standardization is beginning to appear in Western buildings with the increasing use of factory-made building components —walls, doors, and so on —of standard sizes and shapes. In the United States of America houses have changed as social customs changed. At first, American houses followed the patterns brought from Europe by the early immigrants, but, since timber was the most easily obtainable material, boarded walls and shingle roofs largely replaced bricks and tiles. Lately, different regions have evolved their own methods of house building to suit local conditions; for instance, a low rambling house with widely spreading eaves, extending into loggias ( 走廊) and terraces, is typical of the Pacific coast. In addition, the plan of the house has begun to change as the American way of life has diverged more and more from the Europe. Houses are less formal, and rooms merge one into the other, providing more space for general family life and fewer rooms for special purpose.